Pea (matar) is an important winter season (rabi) crop grown in many parts of India. It is valued for its green pods, dry seeds, and ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. Although peas do not require very heavy irrigation like some other crops, providing water at the right time is very important for good growth and higher yield. Understanding the correct irrigation schedule helps farmers save water, protect the crop from stress, and ensure healthy pod formation.
Pea plants prefer cool weather and moderate soil moisture. Too much water can damage the crop, while too little water can reduce the number of pods and seed size. Therefore, irrigation must be planned carefully. The actual number of irrigations depends on the soil type, climate, and variety, but there are specific stages when water is most important.
The first irrigation should be given 20–25 days after sowing, depending on soil moisture at the time of planting. This is the stage when seedlings start establishing themselves and need support for root development. If the soil is already moist due to winter dew or light rains, farmers can delay the first irrigation slightly. In sandy soils, where moisture does not stay for long, early irrigation becomes more important.
The second critical irrigation is at the flowering stage, which usually occurs around 40–45 days after sowing. This is one of the most important growth stages for peas. If the crop faces water stress at this time, flowers may drop, leading to fewer pods. Proper moisture during flowering ensures good pollination and healthier plants.
The third irrigation should be given at the pod formation stage, which is around 55–60 days after sowing. Adequate water at this stage ensures that pods develop well and seeds fill properly. Even a small water shortage can reduce pod size and seed weight. Many farmers have noticed that a timely irrigation during pod filling greatly improves overall yield.
Depending on the weather, some farmers may also give a light irrigation before harvesting, especially if the soil becomes too dry. This is usually not compulsory, but in very dry conditions, it helps maintain plant health for a few extra days and improves the quality of green pods.
It is important to avoid over-irrigation. Pea plants do not tolerate standing water. Waterlogging can cause root rot, yellowing, and stunted growth. For this reason, fields must have proper drainage. Heavy irrigation during very cold periods should also be avoided, as it may damage the plant roots.
The timing of irrigation also depends on soil type.
Sandy soils need more frequent but lighter irrigations.
Loamy soils hold moisture better and need fewer irrigations.
Clay soils require careful watering because they retain water for long periods.
Farmers should watch the crop closely. If the leaves start curling during the day or the soil surface cracks, it is a sign that irrigation is needed.
In summary, pea crops need irrigation at key stages—20–25 days after sowing, during flowering, and at pod formation. With proper timing and good drainage, farmers can ensure healthy growth, better pod development, and higher yields in pea cultivation.
