Bengal gram, also known as chickpea, is an important pulse crop grown by many farmers in India during the rabi season. It improves soil fertility by fixing nitrogen and also provides good income when managed properly. One of the key factors for getting good yield in bengal gram is applying the right amount of fertilizer at the right time. Balanced nutrition helps plants grow strong, flower well, and produce healthy pods.
Before deciding the fertilizer dose, farmers should understand the nature of their soil. Sandy soils usually need more care, while black and loamy soils can supply some nutrients naturally. If soil testing is available, it is always better to follow test-based recommendations. However, general fertilizer practices can still give good results in most fields.
Bengal gram does not need heavy nitrogen fertilizer like cereal crops because it is a legume. It has the ability to fix nitrogen from the air through root nodules. Still, a small starter dose of nitrogen helps the plant during early growth. Generally, about 20 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare is sufficient. This helps in quick establishment and better root development during the initial stage.
Phosphorus is very important for bengal gram. It helps in strong root growth, better flowering, and pod formation. A recommended dose of around 40 to 60 kilograms of phosphorus per hectare is commonly followed. Fields that are low in phosphorus may require the higher dose. Applying phosphorus at sowing time gives the best results, as it supports early plant development.
Potassium is required in moderate amounts for bengal gram. It improves plant strength, disease resistance, and seed quality. In most Indian soils, potassium is already present in adequate quantity. However, in potassium-deficient soils, about 20 kilograms of potassium per hectare can be applied to improve crop performance.
Micronutrients also play an important role. Sulphur is especially important for pulses, as it improves protein content and overall growth. Applying around 20 kilograms of sulphur per hectare is beneficial, especially in light and sandy soils. Zinc deficiency is also common in some areas. If symptoms appear, zinc can be applied through soil or foliar spray.
Biofertilizers are highly recommended for bengal gram. Treating seeds with Rhizobium culture helps in better nitrogen fixation and improves yield. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can also be used along with Rhizobium to increase phosphorus availability in the soil. These practices reduce fertilizer cost and improve soil health.
Fertilizers should be applied at the time of sowing, preferably placed below the seed to avoid direct contact. Proper moisture in the soil is important for nutrient uptake. Excess fertilizer should be avoided, as it may cause excessive vegetative growth and poor pod setting.
In conclusion, bengal gram requires balanced nutrition rather than heavy fertilization. A small dose of nitrogen, adequate phosphorus, moderate potassium, and essential micronutrients help achieve good yield. By following recommended fertilizer doses, using biofertilizers, and maintaining good soil health, farmers can grow a healthy bengal gram crop and get better returns.
