Chicory is an important crop grown for its roots, leaves, or seeds, depending on the purpose. Farmers grow chicory for vegetable use, fodder, or for industrial uses like inulin extraction. To get good growth, uniform roots, and better yield, proper use of plant growth regulators (PGR) and plant growth–promoting (PGP) practices is very helpful. These practices support healthy plant development and reduce stress during critical growth stages.
Plant growth regulators are substances used in very small quantities to influence plant growth. In chicory, PGRs are mainly used to improve seed germination, root development, leaf growth, and stress tolerance. However, they should always be used carefully and only as a support to good crop management, not as a replacement for proper nutrition and irrigation.
During the early stage, uniform germination and strong seedling growth are important. Mild growth-promoting sprays during early vegetative growth help improve leaf development and overall plant vigour. Healthy leaves are important because they produce food for strong root growth. PGR use at this stage should be light, as excess application can cause imbalance and irregular growth.
Root development is a key factor in chicory cultivation, especially when grown for roots. Growth regulators that support root elongation and branching can help improve root size and uniformity. These are usually applied during early vegetative growth. Proper soil moisture at the time of application improves effectiveness.
Plant growth–promoting practices focus more on improving soil health and natural plant strength. These practices are safer and give long-term benefits. One of the most important PGP practices is the use of well-decomposed organic manure. Organic manure improves soil structure, supports beneficial microbes, and helps roots grow deeper and stronger.
Use of beneficial microorganisms is another effective PGP practice. These microorganisms help in nutrient availability, especially phosphorus and micronutrients, and improve root health. When roots are healthy, plants grow better and tolerate stress conditions like drought or mild disease pressure.
Balanced nutrient management is a very important PGP practice. Chicory does not respond well to excess nitrogen. Too much nitrogen leads to more leaf growth but weak roots and poor quality. Adequate phosphorus supports root development, while potassium strengthens the plant and improves resistance to stress. Applying nutrients in the right amount and at the right time supports steady growth.
Proper irrigation management works closely with both PGR and PGP practices. Chicory does not tolerate waterlogging. Excess moisture reduces root quality and encourages diseases. Light and timely irrigation keeps plants stress-free and helps growth regulators work effectively.
Weed control is also part of growth promotion. Weeds compete for nutrients and water, especially during early stages. Keeping the field clean during the first few weeks allows chicory plants to establish well and respond better to growth-promoting practices.
Foliar nutrition with micronutrients, when deficiency symptoms appear, also supports growth. Micronutrients help in enzyme activity and overall plant health. Healthy plants naturally respond better to PGRs.
In conclusion, the best PGR and PGP practices in chicory focus on supporting natural growth rather than forcing it. Careful and limited use of growth regulators, combined with strong plant growth–promoting practices like organic manure use, beneficial microbes, balanced nutrition, proper irrigation, and weed control, gives the best results. When these practices are followed together, chicory crops grow healthier, produce better roots or leaves, and give higher and more stable yields.
