In wheat, termite and armyworm are two common pests that can cause serious loss if we don’t control them on time. Termites usually attack from below the soil and damage roots and lower stem. Armyworm attacks from above and feeds on leaves, sometimes even cutting the plants. The good thing is, both can be managed well if we follow early monitoring and a proper control plan.
Termite problem is often seen in dry conditions, sandy soils, fields with low organic matter, and where undecomposed crop residue is present. Farmers usually notice patches in the field where plants turn yellow, dry up, and can be pulled out easily because roots are damaged. If you dig near the affected plant, you may see termites or mud tunnels. Termite damage is more common soon after sowing and during early crop growth. The first step is prevention. Use well-decomposed FYM or compost, not fresh or half-rotted manure. Keep field moisture at proper level, because termites increase when soil is too dry. Avoid leaving heaps of straw or stubbles near the field bunds, as termites multiply there and move into the crop. Timely irrigation reduces termite activity and helps plants recover.
Seed treatment is one of the most effective methods to control termites in wheat. Treating seed before sowing protects the crop during early stages when it is most sensitive. If termite attack is already visible in the standing crop, irrigation followed by recommended chemical application in the affected patches is often used. In many cases, spot treatment works better than spraying the whole field. Always follow the correct dose as per label and local agriculture department guidance, and ensure safety during handling.
Armyworm usually appears when the weather is cool to moderate and the crop has good vegetative growth. The caterpillars feed at night and hide during the day near the base of the plant, under clods, or in field edges. Early symptoms are irregular leaf cutting, skeletonized leaves, and sudden heavy defoliation in patches. Sometimes, the pest spreads quickly from one corner of the field. Regular field scouting is very important, especially in the evening. Look for egg masses on leaves, small caterpillars, and fresh feeding marks. Birds feeding in the field can also indicate caterpillar activity.
For armyworm, start with simple cultural practices. Keep the field clean, remove weeds on bunds, and avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer, because very lush crop attracts more pests. If possible, use light traps to attract moths and reduce egg laying. In case the infestation is low, farmers can manage by handpicking caterpillars in small patches or by destroying egg masses. This is more useful in small fields or early stages.
When armyworm population increases and leaf damage becomes more, timely chemical control is needed. The best time for spray is late evening because caterpillars come out to feed at night. Ensure proper coverage of leaves, and also spray near the base where caterpillars hide. If only a few patches are affected, do spot spraying to save cost and reduce chemical use. Repeat spray only if needed, based on pest level.
The key to controlling both termite and armyworm is early action. Don’t wait until the damage spreads. Keep soil moisture balanced, use seed treatment for termite prevention, maintain field hygiene, and monitor the crop regularly. With timely detection and correct control steps, wheat can be protected and yield loss can be minimized.
