Arhar, also known as pigeon pea or tur, is one of the most important pulse crops grown in India. It is a major source of protein for millions of households and an essential part of the Indian diet. Arhar is a hardy crop, but for good yield and healthy plants, farmers need to follow proper cultivation practices. With the right methods, arhar can give high production even under rainfed conditions.
The first best practice is selecting the right variety suitable for your region. Different states have recommended varieties that perform well in local conditions. Early and medium-duration varieties help avoid drought stress and ensure timely harvesting. Farmers should always choose certified seeds to ensure good germination and disease resistance.
Proper land preparation is important for good plant growth. Arhar grows well in deep, well-drained loamy soils. The field should be ploughed 2–3 times to achieve a fine tilth. Raised beds or ridges help improve drainage, especially in areas with heavy rains. Since arhar has a deep taproot system, loose soil allows roots to grow and absorb nutrients better.
Before sowing, farmers should add 4–5 tons of well-decomposed farmyard manure (FYM) per acre. Organic matter improves soil fertility and helps the crop withstand dry spells. Seed treatment with rhizobium culture and fungicides is also recommended. Rhizobium helps in nitrogen fixation, which improves plant growth without the need for too much chemical fertilizer.
The ideal sowing time for arhar is during the onset of monsoon, usually between June and July. Timely sowing ensures that the crop receives enough moisture during its early growth stages. Late sowing may reduce yield and increase the risk of pest attack.
Spacing plays a major role in getting a good yield. A spacing of 60–75 cm between rows and 25–30 cm between plants allows adequate air circulation, better sunlight exposure, and healthier plants. Overcrowded fields often face more pest and disease problems.
Balanced nutrient management is essential for arhar. While the crop fixes its own nitrogen through nodules, it still requires a starter dose of 8–10 kg nitrogen per acre. Phosphorus is very important for root development, so farmers should apply 16–20 kg P₂O₅ per acre at sowing. In soils low in potassium, 8–10 kg K₂O can be added. Sulphur and micronutrients like zinc also help improve yield and seed quality.
Weed control is crucial in the first 40–50 days. Weeds compete for nutrients and water, reducing growth. Two manual weedings or light hoeing can keep the field clean. Pre-emergence herbicides may also be used if needed.
Arhar is often affected by pests like pod borer. Regular field monitoring is important. Neem oil sprays, pheromone traps, or recommended insecticides can help control pests. Keeping the field clean and removing infected plants reduces disease spread.
If rainfall is insufficient, one or two irrigations during flowering and pod formation stages greatly increase yield. Avoid over-irrigation, as waterlogging harms the crop.
Finally, timely harvesting ensures good grain quality. Harvest when leaves turn yellow and pods dry. Delayed harvesting may cause shattering losses.
By following these best practices—choosing good seeds, timely sowing, balanced nutrition, weed control, pest management, and proper irrigation—farmers can achieve a healthy arhar crop with higher yields and better profits.
