Groundnut is an important oilseed crop grown widely across India. Farmers depend on it not only for oil production but also for fodder, soil improvement, and income stability. Choosing the right variety is one of the most important steps in groundnut cultivation. Different regions, seasons, and soil types require different varieties to achieve high yields and good-quality pods. Over the years, agricultural universities and research centres have developed several improved varieties suited for rainfed, irrigated, and drought-prone conditions. Understanding these varieties helps farmers select the best one for their region.
Groundnut varieties in India are broadly grouped into Spanish bunch, Virginia bunch, and Virginia runner types. Spanish bunch types mature quickly and are suitable for short-duration cropping systems, while Virginia types are longer-duration and often give higher pod yields.
For kharif season, some of the popular recommended varieties include JL-24, TAG-24, TMV-2, ICGV-91114, Dharani, K-6, Kadiri-9, Kadiri-6, and Girnar-2. JL-24 and TAG-24 are widely grown because they are early-maturing, high-yielding, and produce uniform pods with good shelling percentage. ICGV-91114, often known as “Super Early,” is drought-tolerant and suitable for rainfed areas, making it a popular choice in dryland regions.
In rabi season, when irrigation is available, varieties like GG-20, TG-37A, KCG-6, Kadiri-7, and Narayani perform well. These varieties produce larger kernels and have better oil content. GG-20 is especially famous for its bold seeds and high market value. Kadiri-7 is recommended for farmers looking for a combination of good yield, strong stem strength, and resistance to common diseases like leaf spot.
For summer groundnut, farmers prefer short-duration varieties that mature quickly and tolerate high temperatures. Popular options include TAG-24, TG-37A, and ICGV-00351. These varieties complete their lifecycle in about 90–100 days, making them suitable for areas with limited irrigation.
Some varieties are known for their disease resistance, which is very important in regions prone to leaf spot, rust, or stem rot. Varieties like ICGV-91114, Kadiri-6, Narayani, and TMV-2 show better resistance and help farmers reduce losses without excessive spraying. Disease-resistant varieties also reduce production costs and support healthier crop growth.
In states like Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra, specific varieties have been recommended based on local climate and soil. For example, Gujarat Groundnut (GG) series, such as GG-11 and GG-20, are preferred in Gujarat, while Kadiri varieties are widely grown in Andhra Pradesh. In Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, TMV-7 and TMV-13 are reliable choices.
When choosing a groundnut variety, farmers should consider factors such as duration, drought tolerance, disease resistance, kernel size, and market preference. Early varieties help avoid late-season pests, while long-duration varieties often produce higher yields in irrigated areas.
In simple words, recommended groundnut varieties include fast-growing types like JL-24 and TAG-24, drought-tolerant varieties like ICGV-91114, high-yielding types like GG-20 and Kadiri-7, and summer-friendly options like TG-37A. Selecting the right variety based on season, water availability, and local climate helps farmers achieve better pod quality, stronger yields, and higher income from their groundnut crop.
